Nea Ɛde Rusting Ne Perforation Ba Cooling Towers Bere a Wɔde Mfe Pii Ayɛ Adwuma Akyi

 

 

 

 

 

 

I. Core Corrosion Mechanism: Electrochemical Corrosion na Ɛdi Ɔkwan a Ɛfa Rusting ne Perforation Ho no So

 

 

 

 

 

Wɔde dade afã horow a ɛwɔ abantenten a ɛma onwini mu (dodow no ara yɛ carbon dade ne galvanized dade) no to nsu-mframa ntam nkitahodi tebea mu bere tenten, baabi a ɛnyɛ den sɛ micro galvanic nkwammoaa pii bɛhyehyɛ wɔ soro, na ɛkanyan electrochemical corrosion a ɛkɔ so – nea ɛde rusting ne perforation ba no ntini.

 

Dade atɔm a ɛwɔ anode mantam no mu no fa oxidation reactions mu na ɛde nkakrankakra ɛyɛ dade ions (Fe → Fe2+ + 2e−), na ɛma dade matrix no kɔ so hwere; reduction reactions ba wɔ cathode mpɔtam hɔ, baabi a oxygen a wɔapete wɔ nsu mu no ne electrons bom yɛ hydroxide ions (O2 + 2H2O + 4e− → 4OH−), na ɛkɔ so ma corrosion reaction no kɔ so.

 

 

Ferrous hydroxide [Fe(OH)2] a ɛnam nsɛeɛ no so ba no, wɔsan yɛ oxidized ma ɛbɛyɛ ferric hydroxide [Fe(OH)3], na awiei koraa no ɛyɛ nkannare a ɛyɛ hare na ɛyɛ abon. Nea ɛnte sɛ dade oxide sini a ɛyɛ den no, nkannare ntumi mfa ahobammɔ mma; mmom no, ɛtwetwe nsu ne mframa pa, na ɛma dade a ɛwɔ mu no sɛe ntɛmntɛm.

 

 

Titiriw sɛ chloride ions wɔ nsu mu a, ɛhyɛn passivation film a ɛwɔ dade no ani no mu ntɛmntɛm ma ɛyɛ nkwammoaa a wɔatoto mu, na ɛde mpɔtam hɔ pitting corrosion ba.

 

 

Bere a pitting no mu dɔ kɔ so no, awiei koraa no, perforation ba, a ɛno ne ade titiriw a ɛkanyan bere tiaa-perforation wɔ onwini abantenten pii mu.

 

 

 

 

 

 

II. Nneɛma Titiriw Anan a Ɛma Ɛyɛ Ntɛmntɛm: Nneɛma Titiriw a Ɛma Rust Perforation Ntɛmntɛm Wɔ Mfe 3–5 Mu

 

(1) Nsu a Ɛkyinkyin no Su a Ɛsɛe no Ma Nsu a Ɛporɔw no Kɔ soro Kɛse

 

 

 

 

 

 

Nsu a ɛkyinkyini no yɛ adwuma sɛ "catalyst" ma onwini abantenten no nsɛe. Nsuo pa a sɛe no ma dade a ɛporɔw ntɛmntɛm tẽẽ na ɛno ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛma dade no yɛ ntɛmntɛm. Bere a abantenten a ɛma onwini reyɛ adwuma no, nsu a ɛkɔ so yɛ hyew no ma nkyene te sɛ chloride ions ne sulfate radicals dɔɔso wɔ nsu mu, na ɛma nsu a ɛkɔ nsu mu no kɔ soro kɛse na ɛma anyinam ahoɔden a ɛyɛ hyew no yɛ kɛse mpɛn 3 kosi 5.

 

 

Saa bere yi nyinaa, nsu a ɛkyinkyini no pH bo a wontumi nni so no ma nsɛe no yɛ kɛse: sɛ pH nnu 6.5 a, nsu no yɛ acid na ɛma dade matrix no tew tẽẽ; sɛ pH boro 9 a, ɛnyɛ den sɛ nsenia bɛba. Scale a ɛkata dade no ani no ma under-deposit corrosion ba, na ɛma mpɔtam hɔ oxygen dodow mu nsonsonoe ba na ɛma rusting yɛ ntɛmntɛm.

 

 

 

 

 

Bio nso, aduru a wɔde petepete so ne mframa a wɔde ma abantenten a ɛma onwini no ma oxygen a wɔapete no yɛ ma wɔ nsu mu (mpɛn pii no 8–10 mg/L), na ɛkɔ so hyɛ cathode adeyɛ no mu den na ɛma nsɛe a ɛkɔ so no nya nkɔso. Nkwammoaa nketenkete te sɛ mmoawa ne atɛkyɛ a ɛwɔ nsu mu no yɛ biofilms, na wɔn nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no ma nneɛma a ɛyɛ acid te sɛ hydrogen sulfide ba, na ɛsɛe passivation film a ɛwɔ dade no ani no bio na ɛma mpɔtam hɔ nsɛe no mu yɛ den.

 

 

 

(2) Nneɛma a Wɔde Kata Nneɛma a Ɛko Tia -Nsɛe Ntɛmntɛm no Ma Dade Nnya Akwanside a Ɛbɔ Ho Ban

 

 

 

 

Anti-corrosion coatings a ɛwɔ cooling tower metal components so no yɛ adwuma sɛ ɔkwan a edi kan a wɔfa so bɔ wɔn ho ban fi corrosion ho. Sɛ dade kata so ntɛm a, ɛma dade kɔ mmeae a ɛyɛ hyew tẽẽ, na ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw ntɛmntɛm.

 

Coating huammɔdi fi afã abiɛsa titiriw: nea edi kan, adansi mu sintɔ – bere a wɔde resisi hɔ no, onwini abantenten pii wɔ dade ani a ɛnyɛ nea edi mũ a ɛde rusting (entumi nhyia Sa2.5 gyinapɛn), a ɛde adhesion a enye a ɛda coatings ne dade matrices ntam, ne akyiri yi mpaapaemu ne peeling ba nea ɛto so abien, nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a wɔsɛe no – ultraviolet mframa, awiabere mu ɔhyew mu nsakrae, nsu a ɛsen a wɔde hohoro ne mfutuma a ɛbɔ wɔ mframa a ɛbue-mframa a ɛwɔ hɔ no mu nkakrankakra nyin na ɛpaapae nneɛma a wɔde kata so, na ɛma wɔn ahobammɔ yɛ nea enni mu;

 

 

nea ɛto so abiɛsa, structure gaps – wontumi mfa coatings nhyɛ welds, flanges ne component joints so pɛpɛɛpɛ, baabi a nsu ne mfutuma boaboa ano, na ɛbɛyɛ "atoyerɛnkyɛm mmeae" a nsɛe a edi kan yɛ nwura na ɛde nkakrankakra hyɛn mu.

 

 

 

(3) Nneɛma a Wɔpaw ne Nneɛma a Wɔhyehyɛ mu Ahobammɔ a Ɛma Nneɛma a Wɔpaw no Yɛ Mmerewa

 

 

Nneɛma a wɔpaw no yiye yɛ ade titiriw a ɛwɔ hɔ a ɛma abantenten a ɛma onwini no yɛ mmerɛw bere tiaa bi. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛtew ɛka so no, wɔn a wɔyɛ nneɛma pii de carbon dade a ɛnyɛ den anaa dade a wɔde galvanized ayɛ di dwuma ma abantenten nipadua, nneɛma a wɔde gyina so ne nneɛma afoforo, a entumi nnyina nsɛe ano yiye, titiriw wɔ mmeae a nkyene anaa acidic nsu dɔɔso-a nsɛe ntɛmntɛm yiye.

 

Galvanized layer no mu duru a ɛnnɔɔso ne galvanizing akwan a ɛnyɛ papa no ma galvanized layers no sɛe ntɛmntɛm na ɛpopae, na ɛhwere tumi a ɛbɔ ho ban no. Saa berɛ yi, onwini abantenten no nhyehyɛɛ a nteaseɛ nnim, te sɛ nsonsonoeɛ a ɛboro soɔ wɔ component joints ne nsuo a ɛnkɔ yie no, ma nsuo boaboa ano bere tenten-na mpɔtam hɔ nneɛma a asɛe. Wɔanhyehyɛ abantenten no fã a mframa bɔ no yiye no ma mframa a ɛyɛ basabasa ba, na ɛma nsu a ɛyɛ hyew no hohoro dade so ntɛmntɛm na ɛma nsɛe no yɛ kɛse.

 

 

 

(4) Adwumayɛ ne Nsiesiei a Ɛnyɛ Yiye no Ma Nsɛe no Yɛ Kɛse

 

 

 

Wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no pii bu wɔn ani gu abantenten a wɔde yɛ onwini a wɔde di dwuma da biara da ne ne siesie so, na ɛma wontumi nhu nsɛe ho nsɛm na wontumi nni so, na awiei koraa no, ɛkɔ so ntɛmntɛm ma ɛbɛyɛ tokuru.

 

Nneɛma a ɛtaa ba wɔ nsiesie mu ne: sɛ wɔantumi ansɔ nsu a ɛkyinkyini no yiyedi anhwɛ daa na wɔmfa nnuru a esiw nsɛe ne nnuru a esiw nsunsu ano nka ho wɔ bere mu, na ɛma nsu no su sɛe bere nyinaa;

 

sɛ wɔantumi ansiesie nsenia, biofilms ne nneɛma a asɛe wɔ abantenten no mu daa, na ɛma mpɔtam hɔ nsɛe no mu yɛ den; sɛ wɔantumi anhwɛ nneɛma a wɔde kata so a ɛko tia-nsɛe no daa na ansiesie mpaapaemu ne nea ɛho ayɛ fĩ wɔ bere mu, na wɔda dade adi bere nyinaa;

 

a wonni akwan a wɔfa so ko tia awɔw wɔ awɔw bere mu, na ɛde mpaapaemu ba dade afã horow mu esiane nwini-thaw kyinhyia nti na ɛbɛyɛ mmeae a ɛma nsuo a ɛyɛ hyew.

 

 

 

III. Awie

 

 

Ɛnyɛ ade biako na ɛde rusting ne perforation ba abantenten a ɛma onwini mu wɔ mfe pii a wɔde ayɛ adwuma akyi no, na mmom efi electrochemical corrosion a wɔaka abom sɛ ade titiriw no, a ɛka ho ne bere tenten-su a wɔde si soro bere tenten a ɛde nsu no su a asɛe, nea wɔde kata so no adi huammɔ, nneɛma ne nhyehyɛe mu sintɔ ahorow, ne adwumayɛ ne nsiesie a ɛnsɛ.

 

 

Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛtrɛw abantenten a ɛma onwini mu no adwumayɛ nkwa nna mu no, ɛsɛ sɛ mmɔdenbɔ fi ase fi fibea: wɔpaw nneɛma a ɛko tia nsɛe-a ɛyɛ den, wɔbɛma nsu a wɔde kata so a wɔko tia nsɛe no ayɛ nea ɛfata, wɔhyɛ nsu a ɛkyinkyini no yiyedi sohwɛ mu den, wɔbɛyɛ da biara da adwumayɛ ne nsiesie nhwehwɛmu, na wɔadi asiane ahorow a ahintaw a ɛbɛsɛe no ho dwuma wɔ bere a ɛsɛ mu. Saa kwan yi so nkutoo na wobetumi ama nsu a ɛtɔ no brɛ ase yiye na wɔakwati sɛ ɛbɛhyew ntɛm na wɔatoto mu.